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Cambridge IGCSE Geography

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Theme 1: Physical Geography

Changing River Environments (37 lessons)

Explore changing river environments in Geography.

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River Characteristics and Drainage Basins

Explore river systems, drainage basins and the processes that shape our river landscapes.

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The Long Profile and River Features

Explore how rivers change from source to mouth, creating distinctive landforms along their journey.

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Width, Depth, Speed of Flow and Discharge

Explore how river width, depth, velocity and discharge change from source to mouth.

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Wetted Perimeter, Channel, Watershed

Explore river systems through wetted perimeter, channel forms and watershed processes.

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Tributary, Confluence, Source and Mouth

Learn about river features including source, tributary, confluence and mouth in changing environments.

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The Bradshaw Model

Explore how river characteristics change predictably from source to mouth using the Bradshaw Model.

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Drainage Basin and Water Cycle Operations

Explore how water moves through drainage basins and the water cycle's role in river systems.

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Precipitation and Interception

Explore how precipitation forms, falls and is intercepted by vegetation before reaching river systems.

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Infiltration and Percolation

Explore how water enters and moves through soil, affecting river discharge and the water cycle.

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Overland Flow and Channel Flow

Explore how water moves across land surfaces and through river channels, affecting river environments.

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Throughflow and Groundwater Flow

Explore how water moves underground through soil and rock layers to feed river systems.

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Transpiration, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration

Explore how water moves between land, plants and atmosphere in river environments through key processes.

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River Erosion - Hydraulic Action

Explore how hydraulic action erodes river channels and creates distinctive landforms through water pressure.

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River Erosion - Abrasion, Attrition, Solution

Explore how rivers shape landscapes through abrasion, attrition and solution erosion processes.

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River Transportation - Traction and Suspension

Learn how rivers transport materials through traction and suspension processes along their courses.

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River Transportation - Saltation and Solution

Explore how rivers transport materials through saltation and solution processes downstream.

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River Deposition Processes

Explore how rivers deposit material and create landforms like deltas, floodplains and levees.

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Waterfall Formation and Characteristics

Explore how waterfalls form through erosion processes and their distinctive physical characteristics in river systems.

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Rapids and Gorge Formation

Explore how rivers create dramatic rapids and gorges through vertical erosion processes.

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V-shaped Valley Development

Explore how rivers carve V-shaped valleys through erosion processes and landscape evolution.

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Meander Formation and Features

Explore how river meanders form and the distinctive landforms they create through erosion and deposition.

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Oxbow Lake Development

Explore how river meanders evolve into distinctive horseshoe-shaped oxbow lakes through erosion and deposition.

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Levee and Floodplain Formation

Explore how rivers create levees and floodplains through deposition and flooding processes.

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Delta Formation and Types

Explore how river deltas form and the different types found around the world.

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Interlocking Spurs and Potholes

Explore how rivers shape valleys through interlocking spurs and create potholes through erosion processes.

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Opportunities of Living Near Rivers

Explore the economic, social and environmental benefits that rivers provide to human settlements.

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Hazards of Living Near Rivers

Explore the risks, impacts and management of river flooding in different global contexts.

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Human and Natural Causes of River Flooding

Explore natural and human factors that cause river flooding and increase flood risk.

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Impacts of River Flooding

Explore the devastating social, economic and environmental impacts of river flooding across different regions.

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River Flooding Management Strategies

Learn strategies to manage river flooding, from hard engineering to sustainable approaches.

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Sustainable River Flooding Techniques

Learn sustainable techniques to manage river flooding while protecting environments and communities.

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Human Causes of River Pollution

Explore the human activities causing river pollution and their environmental impacts on water systems.

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Impacts of River Pollution

Explore the sources, impacts and management of river pollution on ecosystems and communities.

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River Pollution Management Strategies

Learn strategies to manage river pollution, from prevention to restoration and sustainable solutions.

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Sustainable River Pollution Techniques

Learn sustainable techniques to manage and reduce river pollution while protecting aquatic ecosystems.

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Case Study - River Flooding Example

Examine the 2015 York floods case study, exploring causes, impacts and management of river flooding.

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Case Study - River Pollution Example

Examine the River Thames pollution case study and strategies for managing river contamination.

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Changing Coastal Environments (31 lessons)

Explore changing coastal environments in Geography.

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Coastal Erosion Processes

Explore the four main coastal erosion processes and how they shape our coastlines.

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Coastal Transportation and Deposition

Explore how waves transport sediment along coastlines and create distinctive depositional landforms.

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Longshore Drift

Explore how waves transport beach material along coastlines through the longshore drift process.

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Wave Types - Constructive and Destructive

Learn how constructive and destructive waves shape coastlines through different energy patterns and processes.

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Wave Refraction

Understand how waves bend near coastlines and shape our beaches and headlands.

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Headland and Bay Formation

Explore how wave action and rock type create the distinctive pattern of headlands and bays along coastlines.

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Cliff and Wave-cut Platform Development

Explore how wave action creates cliffs and platforms through erosion processes and landform development.

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Cave, Arch, Stack and Stump Formation

Learn how caves, arches, stacks and stumps form through coastal erosion processes and sequences.

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Beach Formation and Characteristics

Explore beach formation processes, sediment characteristics and seasonal profile changes in coastal environments.

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Spit and Bar Formation

Explore how spits and bars form along coastlines through longshore drift and deposition processes.

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Sand Dune Development

Explore sand dune formation, succession stages and management of these dynamic coastal ecosystems.

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Discordant and Concordant Coastlines

Explore how rock structure creates distinctive concordant and discordant coastal landscapes and landforms.

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Opportunities of Coastal Living

Explore the economic, social and environmental benefits that coastal locations offer to communities.

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Hazards of Coastal Living

Explore the dangers of coastal living and how communities respond to these threats.

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Hard Engineering Coastal Management

Explore hard engineering coastal defences and their impacts on environments and communities.

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Soft Engineering Coastal Management

Learn about sustainable coastal protection techniques that work with natural processes.

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Sustainable Coastal Management

Learn how to manage coastlines sustainably using both hard and soft engineering approaches.

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Tropical Storm Distribution and Impacts

Explore tropical storm formation, global distribution patterns and their devastating impacts on coastal environments.

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Cyclone, Hurricane and Typhoon Impacts

Learn how tropical storms form, their devastating coastal impacts and management strategies.

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Tropical Storm Management Strategies

Learn strategies to prepare for, protect against and recover from tropical storms in coastal areas.

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Tropical Storm Preparation and Planning

Learn how communities prepare for and plan responses to devastating tropical storms and cyclones.

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Tropical Storm Protection and Prediction

Learn how tropical storms are predicted and how coastal areas can be protected from their impacts.

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Coral Reef Global Distribution

Explore the global distribution patterns of coral reefs and factors affecting their locations worldwide.

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Coral Reef Importance

Explore the vital ecological, economic and cultural importance of coral reef ecosystems worldwide.

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Threats to Coral Reefs

Explore the major threats to coral reefs and strategies to protect these vital marine ecosystems.

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Coral Reef Protection Strategies

Explore strategies to protect coral reefs from human impacts and climate change threats.

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Mangrove Distribution and Importance

Explore mangrove distribution patterns and their vital ecological, economic and protective coastal functions.

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Mangrove Protection Strategies

Explore strategies to protect mangrove ecosystems and their role in coastal resilience

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Sustainable Marine Environment Management

Explore sustainable approaches to managing marine environments and protecting coastal ecosystems.

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Case Study - Coastal Erosion Example

Explore the Holderness Coast case study to understand coastal erosion processes, impacts and management strategies.

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Case Study - Coral Reef Example

Explore coral reef ecosystems, threats and conservation using the Great Barrier Reef case study.

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Changing Ecosystems (20 lessons)

Explore changing ecosystems in Geography.

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Antarctic Ecosystem Location

Explore Antarctica's location, physical features and how its position shapes its unique ecosystem.

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Antarctic Climate Characteristics

Explore Antarctica's extreme climate patterns and their global significance in Earth's ecosystem.

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Antarctic Ecosystem Features

Explore Antarctica's unique ecosystem, wildlife adaptations and environmental challenges.

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Antarctic Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Explore Antarctica's extreme environment and how organisms adapt to its unique abiotic and biotic factors.

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Antarctic Flora and Fauna Adaptations

Discover how Antarctic plants and animals survive extreme conditions through remarkable adaptations.

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Threats to Antarctica

Explore major threats to Antarctica's ecosystem and international conservation efforts.

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Antarctic Ecosystem Destruction Impacts

Explore the devastating impacts of human activity and climate change on Antarctica's fragile ecosystems.

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Antarctic Management Strategies

Explore international strategies protecting Antarctica's fragile ecosystems from human impacts and climate change.

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International Antarctic Agreements

Explore international agreements protecting Antarctica's unique ecosystems and regulating human activities.

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Sustainable Antarctic Management

Explore Antarctica's unique ecosystem and the international efforts to manage it sustainably.

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Tropical Rainforest Global Distribution

Explore the global location patterns of tropical rainforests and factors influencing their distribution.

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Equatorial Climate Characteristics

Explore the distinctive temperature and rainfall patterns of equatorial climate zones and their global distribution.

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Tropical Rainforest Structure

Explore the distinct layers of tropical rainforests and their unique plant and animal adaptations.

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Rainforest Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Explore the living and non-living components of rainforest ecosystems and their complex interactions.

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Rainforest Flora and Fauna Adaptations

Explore how plants and animals have adapted to survive in the challenging rainforest environment.

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Threats to Tropical Rainforests

Explore the major threats to tropical rainforests and their environmental and social impacts.

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Rainforest Destruction and Deforestation Impacts

Explore the causes and impacts of rainforest deforestation and sustainable management approaches.

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Rainforest Management Strategies

Explore sustainable and commercial strategies for managing rainforests and balancing conservation with development.

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Sustainable Rainforest Techniques

Learn sustainable techniques to manage rainforests while balancing conservation with economic development.

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Case Study - Rainforest Example

Explore the Amazon Rainforest ecosystem, its threats and sustainable management approaches.

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Tectonic Hazards (17 lessons)

Explore tectonic hazards in Geography.

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Earths Structure and Layers

Explore Earth's layers from crust to core and how tectonic plates interact.

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Main Tectonic Plates and Movement

Explore the Earth's major tectonic plates, their boundaries and how they move and interact.

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Plate Boundary Types

Explore the four types of plate boundaries and the landforms they create through tectonic processes.

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Earthquake and Volcano Distribution

Explore global earthquake and volcano patterns and their relationship to tectonic plate boundaries.

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Plate Boundary Processes

Explore plate boundaries, tectonic processes and the hazards they create around the world.

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Earthquake Characteristics

Explore earthquake formation, measurement scales and impacts through waves and case studies.

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Volcano Types and Classification

Explore volcano types, their formation processes and classification systems based on shape and eruption style.

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Volcanic Features

Explore volcanic landforms, eruption types and their impacts on landscapes and communities.

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Volcanic Hazards

Explore volcanic formation, eruption types, impacts and management strategies with global case studies.

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Reasons for Living in Risk Areas

Explore why millions choose to live in tectonic hazard zones despite the dangers.

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Earthquake Impacts

Explore how earthquakes affect communities differently based on development levels and geography.

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Volcanic Eruption Impacts

Explore the devastating and beneficial impacts of volcanic eruptions on people and environments.

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Magnitude Measurement Scales

Learn how scientists measure earthquake and tsunami strength using different magnitude scales.

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Primary and Secondary Responses

Learn how communities respond to tectonic hazards through immediate action and long-term recovery strategies.

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Tectonic Hazard Management Strategies

Learn how communities predict, protect against and prepare for earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis.

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Case Study - Earthquake Example

Examine the 2010 Haiti earthquake as a case study of tectonic hazards and disaster response.

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Case Study - Volcanic Eruption Example

Examine the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland and its widespread global impacts.

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Climate Change (8 lessons)

Explore climate change in Geography.

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Evidence of Climate Change

Explore compelling scientific evidence showing our climate is changing at an unprecedented rate.

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Natural Climate Change Factors

Explore natural factors driving Earth's climate cycles and long-term temperature variations.

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Human Influence on Climate

Explore how human activities contribute to climate change and their global impacts.

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Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

Understand how human activities enhance the greenhouse effect, causing global climate change.

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Climate Change Impacts

Explore the physical, ecological and human impacts of climate change across different regions.

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Climate Change Response Strategies

Learn about mitigation and adaptation strategies to address climate change at different scales.

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Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Learn how societies reduce emissions and adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.

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Case Study - Climate Change Example

Examine the Maldives as a case study of climate change impacts, adaptations and challenges.

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Theme 2: Human Geography

Changing Populations (12 lessons)

Explore changing populations in Geography.

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Global Population Growth Patterns

Explore global population growth patterns, demographic transition and regional variations in population change.

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Population Growth and Decline Factors

Explore the factors driving population growth and decline across different regions of the world.

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Pro-natalist and Anti-natalist Policies

Explore how countries manage population growth through pro-natalist and anti-natalist government policies.

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Demographic Transition Model

Understand how birth and death rates change as countries develop through the Demographic Transition Model.

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Population Structure Changes

Explore how population age structures change and impact societies across different countries.

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Youthful and Ageing Population Structures

Explore youthful and ageing population structures, their causes, impacts and management strategies worldwide.

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Case Study - Population Policy Example

Explore population policies with case studies from China and France to understand demographic management.

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Migration Types

Explore migration types, push-pull factors and impacts on source and destination areas.

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Migration Push and Pull Factors

Explore migration drivers through push and pull factors across economic, social, political and environmental contexts.

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Migration Impacts

Explore how migration creates social, economic and environmental impacts on source and host countries.

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Migration Management Strategies

Explore how countries develop and implement strategies to manage migration flows and their impacts.

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Case Study - International Migration Example

Explore Mexico-USA migration patterns, causes and impacts on both source and host countries.

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Changing Towns and Cities (7 lessons)

Explore changing towns and cities in Geography.

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Global Urban Growth Variations

Explore global patterns of urban growth and how they vary between HICs, MICs and LICs.

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Rapid Urban Growth in LICs

Explore causes and challenges of explosive urban growth in developing countries and their solutions.

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Urban Growth Opportunities

Explore the economic, social and environmental opportunities created by urban growth worldwide.

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Urban Growth Challenges

Explore the causes and challenges of rapid urban growth in developing countries and their solutions.

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Urban Sprawl Impacts

Explore the environmental, social and economic impacts of urban sprawl on cities and communities.

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Urban Growth Management

Learn strategies for managing urban growth and creating sustainable city development.

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Case Study - Urban Area Example

Explore Mumbai as a case study of urban growth challenges and sustainable development solutions.

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Development (9 lessons)

Explore development in Geography.

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Development Indicators

Explore how development indicators measure and compare global progress and inequality.

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Indicator Comparison and Evaluation

Learn to compare and evaluate different development indicators to assess countries' progress accurately.

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Quality of Life and Standard of Living

Explore the concepts of quality of life and standard of living as measures of global development.

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Development Differences and Gap

Explore global development disparities, their causes and strategies to reduce inequality between nations.

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Global Development Patterns

Explore global development patterns, indicators and the factors that create worldwide inequality.

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Sustainable Development

Explore sustainable development principles, strategies and global initiatives for balanced future growth.

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Development Strategies

Explore top-down and bottom-up development strategies and their impacts on communities and environments.

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Uneven Development Reduction

Explore strategies to reduce global development gaps through aid, trade and sustainable solutions.

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Case Study - Development Example

Explore Kenya as a development case study, examining challenges, strategies and progress.

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Changing Economies (13 lessons)

Explore changing economies in Geography.

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Industry Classification

Explore how economic activities are classified into sectors and how they change as countries develop.

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Employment Structure Changes

Explore how employment structures shift across economic sectors as countries develop.

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Industry Location Factors

Explore key factors that influence where industries locate and why these change over time.

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Globalisation Definition and Features

Explore the definition, drivers and impacts of globalisation in our interconnected world.

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Globalisation Impacts

Explore how globalisation transforms economies, societies and environments across the world.

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Transnational Corporations

Explore how Transnational Corporations operate globally and impact economies worldwide.

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TNC Impacts Evaluation

Evaluate how TNCs impact host and origin countries through economic, social and environmental lenses.

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Case Study - Globalisation and TNC Example

Explore globalisation through Nike as a case study of how TNCs operate globally.

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Tourism Industry Growth

Explore tourism's global growth, impacts and sustainable management approaches.

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Butler Model

Explore how tourist destinations evolve through Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle model.

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Tourism Benefits and Problems

Explore tourism's economic, social and environmental impacts with sustainable management strategies.

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Sustainable Tourism Management

Explore sustainable tourism strategies that balance economic benefits with environmental and cultural protection.

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Case Study - Tourism Example

Explore Jamaica's tourism industry as a case study of economic development and sustainability challenges.

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Resource Provision (17 lessons)

Explore resource provision in Geography.

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Farming Types and Systems

Explore different farming types and systems used globally to produce food and resources.

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Global Food Supply and Demand Patterns

Explore global food production patterns, food security challenges and sustainable solutions for future needs.

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Food Supply Globalisation

Explore how food production and distribution has become globalised and its impacts on people and environments.

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Food Supply Challenges

Explore global food security challenges and sustainable solutions for feeding our growing population.

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Food Insecurity Problems

Explore causes and impacts of global food insecurity and strategies to address these challenges.

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Food Supply Management Strategies

Explore strategies for managing food supply and achieving global food security through sustainable methods.

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Food Aid Evaluation

Evaluate food aid programmes and their impacts on recipient countries and food security.

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Desertification and Soil Erosion Management

Learn strategies to combat desertification and manage soil erosion in vulnerable environments worldwide.

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Case Study - Food Supply Example

Explore Kenya's food supply challenges and solutions as a case study of global food security issues.

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Energy Types - Renewable and Non-renewable

Explore renewable and non-renewable energy types and their environmental and economic impacts.

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Global Energy Production and Consumption

Explore global energy production patterns, consumption trends and sustainable resource management strategies.

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Energy Patterns and Security

Explore global energy patterns, security challenges and sustainable solutions for future energy needs.

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Energy Use Variations

Explore global energy consumption patterns and factors driving variations between countries.

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Energy Source Advantages and Disadvantages

Explore advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources and their environmental impacts.

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Energy Supply Management

Explore sustainable energy management strategies and global supply patterns for future security.

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Sustainable Energy Management

Explore sustainable energy management strategies and their environmental, economic and social impacts.

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Case Study - Energy Supply Example

Explore Germany's Energiewende as a case study of renewable energy transition and sustainable supply.

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Theme 3: Geographical Skills

Cartographic Skills (15 lessons)

Explore cartographic skills in Geography.

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Map Construction and Interpretation

Learn to read, interpret and construct maps using scale, symbols and geographical data representation.

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Direction, Scale, Symbols and Keys

Learn to navigate maps using direction, scale, symbols and keys for geographical analysis.

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Co-ordinates and Grid References

Learn to pinpoint locations using latitude, longitude and grid references on maps.

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Compass Directions and Bearings

Learn to use compass directions and calculate bearings for accurate map navigation and fieldwork.

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Distance and Area Measurement

Learn to accurately measure distances and areas on maps using various cartographic techniques.

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Gradient, Contour Lines and Heights

Master how to interpret land elevation through gradient calculations, contour lines and height measurements.

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Cross-sections and Transects

Learn to create and interpret cross-sections and transects to visualise landscapes in 3D.

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Atlas and Base Maps

Learn to read and interpret atlas and base maps using grid references, scale and symbols.

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Choropleth and Distribution Maps

Learn to create and interpret choropleth and distribution maps to visualize geographical data patterns.

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Flow Line and Desire Line Maps

Learn to create and interpret flow line and desire line maps showing movement patterns and connections.

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Isoline Maps

Learn to read, interpret and create isoline maps showing equal values across landscapes.

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Different Scale Maps

Learn to interpret and use maps at different scales for geographical investigation and analysis.

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Route and Sphere of Influence Maps

Learn to create and interpret route maps and sphere of influence maps for geographical analysis.

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Sketch and Thematic Maps

Learn to create and interpret sketch maps and thematic maps for geographical analysis.

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Topographical Maps

Learn to interpret topographical maps, contours and calculate distances, gradients and areas.

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Graphical Skills (15 lessons)

Explore graphical skills in Geography.

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Graph, Chart and Diagram Selection

Learn to select and use appropriate graphs, charts and diagrams for geographical data analysis.

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Data Presentation Techniques

Learn essential graphical techniques to effectively present and interpret geographical data and statistics.

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Information Interpretation and Analysis

Learn to interpret and analyse geographical data through graphs, charts and visual representations.

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Pattern and Trend Identification

Learn to identify and interpret patterns and trends in geographical data and visualisations.

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Bar Graphs - Horizontal, Vertical, Divided

Learn to create and interpret horizontal, vertical and divided bar graphs for geographical data analysis.

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Climate Graphs

Learn to read, interpret and construct climate graphs to analyse global weather patterns.

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Cross-sections and Dispersion Graphs

Learn to create and interpret cross-sections and dispersion graphs for geographical analysis.

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Doughnut Graphs and Flow Diagrams

Learn to create and interpret doughnut graphs and flow diagrams for geographical data analysis.

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Histograms and Kite Graphs

Learn to create and interpret histograms and kite graphs for geographical data analysis.

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Line Graphs and Pictograms

Learn to create and interpret line graphs and pictograms for geographical data analysis.

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Pie Charts and Population Pyramids

Learn to create and interpret pie charts and population pyramids for geographical data analysis.

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Proportional Symbols and Radial Graphs

Learn to create and interpret proportional symbol maps and radial graphs for geographical data analysis.

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Rose Charts and Scatter Graphs

Learn to create and interpret rose charts and scatter graphs for geographical data analysis.

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Systems Diagrams and Triangular Graphs

Learn to create and interpret systems diagrams and triangular graphs for geographical analysis.

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Venn Diagrams and Flood Hydrographs

Learn to interpret and create Venn diagrams and flood hydrographs for geographical analysis and water management.

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GIS and Image Skills (9 lessons)

Explore gis and image skills in Geography.

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Visual Image Interpretation

Learn to interpret aerial photos and satellite imagery to identify geographical features and patterns.

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Photograph Analysis - Aerial and Ground Level

Learn to analyze aerial and ground-level photographs to extract valuable geographical information and evidence.

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Cartoon, Picture and Diagram Analysis

Learn to analyze cartoons, pictures and diagrams to extract key geographical information and insights.

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Satellite Image Analysis

Learn to interpret satellite images to analyse landscapes, environments and geographical changes over time.

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Written Text Analysis and Bias Recognition

Learn to analyze geographical texts and identify bias to evaluate information critically.

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Source Improvement Suggestions

Learn to evaluate and suggest practical improvements for geographical data sources and images.

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Statistical Technique Limitations

Explore limitations of statistical techniques in GIS and their impact on geographical analysis.

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GIS Applications

Explore how GIS technology is applied across various fields to solve real-world problems.

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GIS Benefits and Limitations

Explore GIS technology's key benefits and limitations for geographical analysis and decision-making.

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Mathematical Skills (16 lessons)

Explore mathematical skills in Geography.

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Number Operations and Calculations

Master essential numerical skills for analysing geographical data and solving real-world problems.

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Area and Scale Calculations

Master area calculations and map scales to measure and interpret geographical features accurately.

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Standard Notation and Indices

Master standard form notation and indices to handle large geographical numbers effectively.

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Significant Figures

Learn to use significant figures to express precision in geographical measurements and data.

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Proportion, Ratio and Frequency

Learn to calculate and interpret proportions, ratios and frequency distributions in geographical data analysis.

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Statistical Measures - Mean, Mode, Median

Learn to calculate and apply mean, median and mode in geographical data analysis.

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Range, Decimals and Fractions

Master essential mathematical skills for geography: range, decimals and fractions with real-world applications.

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Percentage and Ratio Applications

Master percentage and ratio calculations to analyse population, climate and economic geographical data.

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Data Collection Design

Learn to design effective data collection methods for geographical investigations and fieldwork.

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Accuracy, Sample Size and Reliability

Learn how to ensure accuracy, determine sample size and evaluate reliability in geographical research.

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Data Table Operations

Master essential mathematical skills for analyzing and interpreting geographical data tables effectively.

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Data Relationship Identification

Learn to identify, analyse and interpret relationships between geographical data sets.

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Trend Analysis and Best Fit Lines

Learn to analyse geographical data through trend analysis and best fit lines for accurate predictions.

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Prediction and Data Projection

Learn to predict population trends and project geographical data using mathematical techniques.

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Statistical Presentation Evaluation

Learn to evaluate statistical presentations and choose appropriate methods for geographical data.

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Conclusion Drawing from Data

Learn to interpret geographical data and draw valid, evidence-based conclusions for analysis.

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Fieldwork Skills (17 lessons)

Explore fieldwork skills in Geography.

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Route to Geographical Enquiry

Learn the six-stage process of geographical enquiry and essential fieldwork skills for investigations.

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Fieldwork Equipment Selection and Use

Learn to select and use appropriate equipment for effective geographical fieldwork investigations.

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Fieldwork Technique Selection

Learn to select appropriate fieldwork techniques for effective geographical investigations.

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Data Collection Sheet Design

Learn to design effective data collection sheets for geographical fieldwork investigations.

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Risk Assessment and Safety

Learn to identify hazards, assess risks and implement safety measures for geographical fieldwork.

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Fieldwork Equipment - Ranging Poles and Flow Meters

Learn to use ranging poles and flow meters for accurate river and field measurements.

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Fieldwork Equipment - Stopwatch and Quadrats

Learn to use stopwatches and quadrats effectively for geographical data collection in the field.

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Fieldwork Equipment - Noise Meters and Tape Measures

Learn to use noise meters and tape measures for accurate geographical data collection in fieldwork.

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Fieldwork Equipment - Clinometer

Learn to use clinometers to measure and record slope angles for geographical fieldwork investigations.

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Environmental Quality Surveys

Learn to design and conduct environmental quality surveys to assess and compare different locations.

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Bi-polar Surveys and Questionnaires

Learn how to design, conduct and analyse bi-polar surveys for effective geographical fieldwork investigations.

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Interview and Observation Techniques

Learn essential interview and observation techniques for collecting high-quality geographical fieldwork data.

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Field Sketches and Photography

Learn techniques for creating effective field sketches and geographical photography for fieldwork evidence.

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Traffic and Pedestrian Counts

Learn how to conduct, record and analyse traffic and pedestrian counts for geographical fieldwork.

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Land Use Surveys and Transects

Learn how to conduct and analyse land use surveys and transects for geographical fieldwork.

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Sphere of Influence Studies

Learn how to design, conduct and analyse sphere of influence studies for settlements and services.

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Roundness Index and Other Indices

Learn to measure and interpret sediment characteristics using the Roundness Index and related fieldwork techniques.

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Theme 4: Assessment Preparation and Review

Paper 1 Preparation (7 lessons)

Explore paper 1 preparation in Geography.

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Physical Geography Review

Explore Earth's physical processes from rivers and coasts to climate and ecosystems.

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River Environment Questions

Master river processes, landforms and flooding case studies for Paper 1 exam success.

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Coastal Environment Questions

Learn to tackle coastal environment questions with processes, landforms and case studies.

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Ecosystem Questions

Learn to tackle ecosystem questions focusing on rainforests and savannas for Paper 1 success.

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Tectonic Hazard Questions

Learn how to tackle tectonic hazard questions with case studies and development comparisons.

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Climate Change Questions

Master climate change causes, impacts and responses for effective Paper 1 exam answers.

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Paper 1 Practice Questions

Master techniques for answering different question types in Geography Paper 1 with case study application.

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Paper 2 Preparation (7 lessons)

Explore paper 2 preparation in Geography.

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Human Geography Review

Explore population patterns, urbanisation, economic activities and development challenges in human geography.

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Population Questions

Master population pyramids, growth patterns and management policies for Paper 2 success.

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Urban Geography Questions

Learn how to tackle urban geography questions with case studies and data analysis techniques.

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Development Questions

Master development indicators, gaps and strategies for tackling Paper 2 development questions effectively.

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Economic Geography Questions

Learn to analyse economic development patterns and answer data-based questions in Paper 2.

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Resource Management Questions

Learn to analyze and respond to resource management questions focusing on food, water and energy.

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Paper 2 Practice Questions

Master techniques for interpreting resources and answering different question types in Geography Paper 2.

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Coursework/Paper 4 Preparation (3 lessons)

Explore coursework/paper 4 preparation in Geography.

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Geographical Investigation Skills

Master essential fieldwork techniques for collecting, presenting and analysing geographical data for Paper 4.

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Data Analysis and Evaluation

Master techniques for analysing geographical data and evaluating research methods for Paper 4.

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Final Review and Exam Preparation

Master essential skills for Paper 4 success with effective revision and exam techniques.

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