Database results:
examBoard: Cambridge
examType: IGCSE
lessonTitle: Impacts of globalisation - cultural diversity
Globalisation is transforming our world, connecting people across borders and influencing our social identities in powerful ways. This interconnectedness affects how we see ourselves, the cultures we identify with and the traditions we practice.
Key Definitions:
Several key factors have accelerated globalisation:
We can observe globalisation's cultural effects through:
One significant impact of globalisation is cultural homogenisation - the process where local cultures gradually become more similar to dominant global (often Western) cultures. This phenomenon is sometimes called "McDonaldisation" after the global spread of the American fast-food chain.
Cultural homogenisation can be seen in many aspects of everyday life:
Global brands like Apple, Nike and Coca-Cola are recognised worldwide. Young people in Tokyo, London and Lagos may wear similar clothes, watch the same films and use identical smartphones.
English has become the dominant global language for business, science and the internet. Many languages are losing speakers, with UNESCO estimating that half of the world's 6,000+ languages could disappear by 2100.
Hollywood films and American TV shows are watched globally. Streaming platforms like Netflix create content for international audiences, often promoting Western values and lifestyles.
Coca-Cola is available in over 200 countries and is often seen as a symbol of Western cultural influence. When Coca-Cola entered the Indian market in the 1990s, it faced criticism for potentially threatening local beverage traditions. However, the company adapted by creating localised advertising featuring Bollywood stars and developing India-specific flavours. This case demonstrates both homogenisation (global brand presence) and hybridisation (local adaptation).
While homogenisation is occurring, globalisation also leads to cultural hybridisation - the blending of different cultural elements to create new, mixed forms. This process shows how cultures can adapt rather than simply disappear.
Social media platforms have accelerated cultural hybridisation:
Sociologists have varying views on whether globalisation's cultural impacts are positive or negative:
The Māori people of New Zealand have used digital technologies to preserve and revitalise their culture. The "Te Reo" Māori language app helps young people learn their ancestral language, while Māori filmmakers use modern media to tell traditional stories. Social media has connected scattered Māori communities. This shows how globalisation can both threaten indigenous cultures and provide tools for their preservation and renewal.
The effects of globalisation on cultural diversity aren't experienced equally by everyone. Different social groups engage with global culture in different ways:
Generally more connected to global culture through social media, online gaming and international pop culture. Often develop hybrid identities that blend local traditions with global influences. May experience generational conflicts with parents over cultural values.
May be more resistant to cultural changes and concerned about losing traditions. Often serve as keepers of cultural knowledge and practices. Can feel alienated by rapid technological and cultural shifts.
People living away from their ancestral homelands often create hybrid identities. May use technology to maintain connections to their heritage while adapting to their new environment. Can act as cultural bridges between different societies.
Communities and individuals have developed various responses to globalisation's effects on cultural diversity:
Many communities are actively working to protect their cultural heritage:
"Glocalisation" refers to adapting global products or ideas to local cultures:
Globalisation has profound impacts on cultural diversity and our social identities. While it can lead to homogenisation and the loss of traditions, it also creates opportunities for cultural exchange, hybridisation and new forms of identity. The challenge for individuals and communities is to engage with global culture while maintaining meaningful connections to their heritage and local identities.
As sociologists, we need to look beyond simple narratives of cultural loss or gain to understand the complex ways people navigate their identities in an interconnected world. Cultural diversity in the globalised world isn't just about preserving the past it's about how communities actively adapt, resist and create new cultural forms that reflect both their heritage and their place in the global community.
Log in to track your progress and mark lessons as complete!
Login NowDon't have an account? Sign up here.