Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Biology
View Course TimetableTheme 1: The Nature and Variety of Living Organisms
Characteristics of Living Organisms (4 lessons)
Explore characteristics of living organisms in Biology.
Requirements of Living Organisms
Explore the seven essential requirements all living organisms need for survival and growth.
Start LessonLife Processes and Functions
Explore the seven life processes that define living organisms and their essential functions.
Start LessonGrowth and Development in Organisms
Explore growth patterns, cellular processes and factors affecting development in living organisms.
Start LessonHomeostasis and Control Systems
Explore how the body maintains stable internal conditions through homeostatic control systems.
Unlock Full CourseVariety of Living Organisms (8 lessons)
Explore variety of living organisms in Biology.
Classification of Eukaryotes
Explore the five-kingdom classification system and learn how to identify different eukaryotic organisms.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Characteristics and Examples
Explore plant characteristics, classification and adaptations across major plant groups.
Unlock Full CourseAnimal Characteristics and Examples
Explore animal classification, characteristics and adaptations across vertebrate and invertebrate groups.
Unlock Full CourseFungi Structure and Nutrition
Explore fungal structure, saprophytic nutrition and ecological roles as decomposers in ecosystems.
Unlock Full CourseProtoctist Diversity
Explore the diverse world of protoctists, from algae to protozoa and their ecological roles.
Unlock Full CourseProkaryotic Organisms - Bacteria
Explore bacterial structure, reproduction and their roles in disease and beneficial applications.
Unlock Full CourseViral Structure and Characteristics
Explore viral structure, replication cycles and why viruses exist between living and non-living worlds.
Unlock Full CoursePathogens and Disease
Explore how pathogens cause disease and how our bodies fight against these microscopic invaders.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 2: Cell Structure and Organisation
Levels of Organisation (3 lessons)
Explore levels of organisation in Biology.
Organelles to Systems
Explore how living organisms are structured from tiny organelles to complex organ systems.
Unlock Full CourseTissue Organisation
Explore how cells organise into tissues and their specialised functions in living organisms.
Unlock Full CourseOrgan Systems Overview
Explore how cells form tissues, organs and systems that work together to maintain life.
Unlock Full CourseCell Structure (11 lessons)
Explore cell structure in Biology.
Cell Components and Functions
Explore cell components and their functions in plant and animal cells at the microscopic level.
Unlock Full CourseNucleus and Genetic Material
Explore the nucleus structure, DNA organisation and how genetic material controls cell function.
Unlock Full CourseCytoplasm and Organelles
Explore the cytoplasm and specialized organelles that perform vital functions within cells.
Unlock Full CourseCell Membranes and Walls
Explore cell membrane structure, transport mechanisms and plant cell walls in living organisms.
Unlock Full CourseMitochondria and Energy
Explore mitochondrial structure and function in cellular energy production through ATP synthesis.
Unlock Full CourseChloroplasts and Photosynthesis
Explore chloroplast structure and how plants convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
Unlock Full CourseRibosomes and Protein Synthesis
Explore how ribosomes read genetic code to build proteins essential for cell function.
Unlock Full CourseVacuoles and Storage
Explore how vacuoles function as storage organelles in plant and animal cells.
Unlock Full CoursePlant vs Animal Cell Differences
Explore the key structural and functional differences between plant and animal cells.
Unlock Full CourseCell Differentiation
Explore how cells specialise for specific functions through the process of differentiation.
Unlock Full CourseStem Cells in Medicine
Learn how stem cells work and their revolutionary applications in modern medicine.
Unlock Full CourseBiological Molecules (10 lessons)
Explore biological molecules in Biology.
Chemical Elements in Life
Discover the essential chemical elements that form all living organisms and their biological roles.
Unlock Full CourseCarbohydrate Structure
Explore the structure and functions of carbohydrates from simple sugars to complex polysaccharides.
Unlock Full CourseProtein Structure and Amino Acids
Explore protein structure from amino acids to complex 3D shapes and their biological functions.
Unlock Full CourseLipid Structure and Functions
Explore lipid structures, functions and their vital roles in energy storage and cell membranes.
Unlock Full CourseFood Testing Practical
Learn how to perform and interpret tests for carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in food samples.
Unlock Full CourseEnzymes as Biological Catalysts
Explore how enzymes function as biological catalysts and their importance in living organisms.
Unlock Full CourseTemperature Effects on Enzymes
Explore how temperature affects enzyme activity, denaturation and biological processes in living organisms.
Unlock Full CourseEnzyme Temperature Practical
Investigate how temperature affects enzyme activity through hands-on practical experiments.
Unlock Full CoursepH Effects on Enzymes
Learn how pH affects enzyme structure, function and activity in biological systems.
Unlock Full CourseEnzyme pH Practical
Investigate how pH affects enzyme activity through practical experiments with catalase and hydrogen peroxide.
Unlock Full CourseMovement of Substances (6 lessons)
Explore movement of substances in Biology.
Diffusion Processes
Explore how substances move through diffusion, osmosis and active transport in living organisms.
Unlock Full CourseOsmosis and Water Movement
Explore how water moves across cell membranes through osmosis and its biological importance.
Unlock Full CourseActive Transport Mechanisms
Explore how cells use energy to transport substances against concentration gradients via active transport.
Unlock Full CourseFactors Affecting Movement Rates
Explore the key factors that control how quickly substances move in biological systems.
Unlock Full CourseSurface Area to Volume Ratio
Explore how surface area to volume ratio affects cell size and organism structure.
Unlock Full CourseDiffusion and Osmosis Practical
Learn how to conduct and interpret diffusion and osmosis practical experiments for IGCSE Biology.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 3: Plant Biology
Plant Nutrition (8 lessons)
Explore plant nutrition in Biology.
Photosynthesis Process
Explore how plants convert sunlight into food through the photosynthesis process and its limiting factors.
Unlock Full CoursePhotosynthesis Equations
Learn the word and chemical equations for photosynthesis and how they apply to plant nutrition.
Unlock Full CourseLimiting Factors in Photosynthesis
Explore how light, temperature and CO₂ limit photosynthesis rates in plants.
Unlock Full CourseLeaf Structure and Adaptations
Explore leaf structure and adaptations for efficient photosynthesis, gas exchange and survival in various environments.
Unlock Full CourseMineral Requirements
Discover how plants obtain and use essential minerals for healthy growth and development.
Unlock Full CourseMagnesium and Chlorophyll
Explore the vital role of magnesium in chlorophyll formation and plant photosynthesis
Unlock Full CourseNitrates and Amino Acids
Explore how plants use nitrates to create amino acids for essential protein synthesis and growth.
Unlock Full CoursePhotosynthesis Practical
Investigate photosynthesis through practical experiments measuring oxygen production and testing for starch.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Transport (7 lessons)
Explore plant transport in Biology.
Need for Transport Systems
Explore why plants need transport systems and how xylem and phloem function together.
Unlock Full CoursePhloem and Translocation
Learn how phloem tissue transports sugars through plants via the pressure flow mechanism.
Unlock Full CourseXylem and Water Transport
Explore how xylem tissue transports water from roots to leaves against gravity in plants.
Unlock Full CourseRoot Hair Cell Absorption
Discover how root hair cells absorb water and minerals from soil through specialized adaptations.
Unlock Full CourseTranspiration Process
Explore how plants lose water through transpiration and the factors affecting this vital process.
Unlock Full CourseFactors Affecting Transpiration
Explore how environmental factors affect plant water loss through transpiration and leaf adaptations.
Unlock Full CourseTranspiration Rate Practical
Learn how to measure and investigate factors affecting plant transpiration using a potometer.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Gas Exchange (6 lessons)
Explore plant gas exchange in Biology.
Diffusion in Gas Exchange
Learn how plants exchange gases through diffusion and the role of stomata in this vital process.
Unlock Full CourseOxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Explore how plants exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through specialized leaf structures and processes.
Unlock Full CourseLeaf Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Explore how leaves are specially adapted for efficient gas exchange and photosynthesis.
Unlock Full CourseStomata Function
Learn how stomata control gas exchange in plants and respond to environmental factors.
Unlock Full CourseDay and Night Gas Exchange
Explore how plants exchange gases differently during day and night through stomatal regulation.
Unlock Full CourseGas Exchange Practical
Learn how to design, conduct and analyse practical experiments investigating plant gas exchange processes.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Excretion (2 lessons)
Explore plant excretion in Biology.
Waste Products in Plants
Discover how plants manage waste products through storage, recycling and gaseous exchange.
Unlock Full CourseStomatal Excretion
Explore how plants control water loss and gas exchange through stomatal regulation.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Coordination (4 lessons)
Explore plant coordination in Biology.
Plant Response to Stimuli
Learn how plants respond to environmental stimuli through tropisms and plant hormones.
Unlock Full CourseGeotropic Responses
Explore how plants detect and respond to gravity through geotropic movements and hormonal changes.
Unlock Full CoursePhototropic Responses
Explore how plants respond to light direction through auxin-mediated growth movements.
Unlock Full CourseAuxin and Growth
Explore how auxin coordinates plant growth responses to light and gravity stimuli.
Unlock Full CoursePlant Reproduction (9 lessons)
Explore plant reproduction in Biology.
Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction
Learn how plants reproduce through sexual and asexual methods and their ecological advantages.
Unlock Full CourseInsect-Pollinated Flowers
Explore the structure, adaptations and ecological importance of insect-pollinated flowers in plant reproduction.
Unlock Full CourseWind-Pollinated Flowers
Explore adaptations and characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers and their ecological significance.
Unlock Full CourseFertilisation and Seed Formation
Explore fertilisation in flowering plants, seed formation, structure and dispersal mechanisms.
Unlock Full CourseSeed Germination Conditions
Learn how water, oxygen and temperature affect seed germination and dormancy in plants.
Unlock Full CourseGermination Practical
Learn how to design, conduct and analyse experiments investigating seed germination factors.
Unlock Full CourseFood Reserves in Seeds
Explore how seeds store and use different food reserves for successful germination and growth.
Unlock Full CourseNatural Asexual Reproduction
Learn how plants reproduce asexually through runners, rhizomes, bulbs, tubers and other natural methods.
Unlock Full CourseArtificial Propagation Methods
Learn various artificial plant propagation methods including cuttings, grafting and tissue culture.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 4: Human Biology
Human Nutrition (15 lessons)
Explore human nutrition in Biology.
Balanced Diet Components
Explore the essential nutrients needed for a balanced diet and their roles in the body.
Unlock Full CourseCarbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids
Learn about the structure, functions and importance of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in human nutrition.
Unlock Full CourseVitamins and Minerals
Discover essential vitamins and minerals, their functions, sources and deficiency diseases.
Unlock Full CourseWater and Dietary Fibre
Explore the vital roles of water and dietary fibre in human nutrition and digestive health.
Unlock Full CourseEnergy Requirements and Activity
Learn how the body uses energy from food and how activity affects energy requirements.
Unlock Full CourseAlimentary Canal Structure
Explore the structure and functions of the human digestive system from mouth to anus.
Unlock Full CoursePeristalsis and Food Movement
Explore how peristalsis moves food through the digestive system and its importance in nutrition.
Unlock Full CourseDigestive Enzymes
Explore how digestive enzymes break down food molecules into absorbable nutrients in the body.
Unlock Full CourseAmylase and Carbohydrate Digestion
Learn how amylase breaks down carbohydrates during digestion and its role in human nutrition.
Unlock Full CourseProteases and Protein Digestion
Learn how proteases break down proteins into amino acids during the digestive process.
Unlock Full CourseLipases and Fat Digestion
Explore how lipases and bile work together to digest and absorb dietary fats in the body.
Unlock Full CourseBile Production and Function
Explore bile production in the liver, its composition and crucial role in fat digestion and absorption.
Unlock Full CourseSmall Intestine Adaptations
Explore the specialised adaptations of the small intestine for efficient nutrient absorption and digestion.
Unlock Full CourseVillus Structure
Explore the structure and function of villi for efficient nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
Unlock Full CourseFood Energy Content Practical
Learn how to measure and calculate the energy content of different food samples using calorimetry.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Respiration (6 lessons)
Explore human respiration in Biology.
Respiration and ATP Production
Explore how cells release energy from food through respiration and ATP production processes.
Unlock Full CourseATP and Cellular Energy
Discover how ATP stores, transfers and releases energy to power all cellular processes.
Unlock Full CourseAerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration
Learn how cells release energy through aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes in different conditions.
Unlock Full CourseAerobic Respiration Equations
Learn the chemical equation for aerobic respiration and how energy is released from glucose
Unlock Full CourseAnaerobic Respiration Equations
Learn the chemical equations and processes of anaerobic respiration in different organisms.
Unlock Full CourseRespiration Practical
Learn how to investigate human respiration through practical experiments and data analysis techniques.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Gas Exchange (7 lessons)
Explore human gas exchange in Biology.
Thorax Structure
Explore the structure and function of the human thorax in breathing and gas exchange.
Unlock Full CourseBreathing Mechanisms
Explore how the diaphragm and intercostal muscles create pressure changes for breathing.
Unlock Full CourseIntercostal Muscles and Diaphragm
Learn how intercostal muscles and the diaphragm work together to enable breathing and gas exchange.
Unlock Full CourseAlveolar Adaptations
Explore the specialized structure of alveoli and how they maximize efficient gas exchange in the lungs.
Unlock Full CourseGas Exchange by Diffusion
Explore how gases move between air and blood through diffusion in the lungs' alveoli.
Unlock Full CourseSmoking Effects on Health
Explore the harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system and overall health.
Unlock Full CourseBreathing Investigation Practical
Learn how to design, conduct and analyse a practical investigation into breathing rates during exercise.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Transport (17 lessons)
Explore human transport in Biology.
Unicellular vs Multicellular Transport
Learn how transport systems differ between single-celled and complex multicellular organisms.
Unlock Full CourseBlood Composition
Explore blood composition, cell types and their roles in transport and immunity.
Unlock Full CourseRed Blood Cell Adaptations
Explore how red blood cells are specially adapted for efficient oxygen transport throughout the body.
Unlock Full CoursePlasma Transport Functions
Explore how blood plasma transports nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body.
Unlock Full CourseWhite Blood Cells and Immunity
Explore white blood cell types and how they defend the body against pathogens through immunity.
Unlock Full CoursePhagocytes and Pathogens
Learn how phagocytes identify, engulf and destroy pathogens as part of the immune response.
Unlock Full CourseLymphocytes and Antibodies
Learn how lymphocytes and antibodies work together to defend the body against pathogens and disease.
Unlock Full CourseVaccination and Memory Cells
Learn how vaccines train your immune system to create memory cells for disease protection.
Unlock Full CoursePlatelets and Blood Clotting
Explore platelets' structure and function in blood clotting and haemostasis processes.
Unlock Full CourseHeart Structure
Explore the four-chambered heart structure and how it functions as a double pump system.
Unlock Full CourseHeart Function and Pumping
Explore the structure of the heart and how it functions as a double pump system.
Unlock Full CourseHeart Rate and Exercise
Explore how heart rate responds to exercise and why these changes occur in the body.
Unlock Full CourseAdrenaline Effects
Explore how adrenaline affects the cardiovascular system and triggers the fight-or-flight response.
Unlock Full CourseCoronary Heart Disease
Learn about coronary heart disease, its causes, symptoms, treatments and prevention strategies.
Unlock Full CourseBlood Vessel Structure
Explore the specialized structures of arteries, veins and capillaries in the human circulatory system.
Unlock Full CourseArteries, Veins and Capillaries
Learn about the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries in human circulation.
Unlock Full CourseCirculation System Overview
Explore the structure and function of the human circulatory system and blood transport.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Excretion (9 lessons)
Explore human excretion in Biology.
Excretory Organs
Explore the structure and function of human excretory organs and their waste removal processes.
Unlock Full CourseKidney Structure and Function
Explore kidney structure and function in human excretion, including filtration and urine formation.
Unlock Full CourseUrinary System Structure
Explore the structure and function of the human urinary system and kidney anatomy.
Unlock Full CourseNephron Structure
Explore the detailed structure of nephrons and how they filter blood in the kidneys.
Unlock Full CourseUltrafiltration Process
Explore the kidney's ultrafiltration process and how nephrons filter blood to form urine.
Unlock Full CourseWater Reabsorption
Explore how kidneys regulate body water through selective reabsorption in the nephron tubules.
Unlock Full CourseGlucose Reabsorption
Learn how kidneys filter and reabsorb glucose to maintain blood sugar balance and prevent waste.
Unlock Full CourseADH and Water Regulation
Learn how ADH regulates water balance in the body through kidney function and feedback mechanisms.
Unlock Full CourseUrine Composition
Explore urine components, kidney filtration and how urine tests diagnose health conditions.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Coordination (16 lessons)
Explore human coordination in Biology.
Response to Environmental Changes
Explore how humans detect environmental changes and respond through nervous and hormonal systems.
Unlock Full CourseHomeostasis Principles
Learn how the body maintains stability through homeostatic control systems and feedback mechanisms.
Unlock Full CourseStimulus-Receptor-Effector
Learn how the stimulus-receptor-effector model coordinates responses in the human body.
Unlock Full CourseNervous vs Hormonal Control
Explore how nervous and hormonal systems coordinate body responses through different mechanisms.
Unlock Full CourseCentral Nervous System
Explore the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord in coordinating body activities.
Unlock Full CourseElectrical Impulses
Explore how neurons generate and transmit electrical signals through the nervous system.
Unlock Full CourseNeurotransmitters at Synapses
Explore how neurotransmitters cross synapses to transmit nerve impulses between neurons.
Unlock Full CourseReflex Arc Structure
Explore the structure and function of reflex arcs in human nervous system coordination.
Unlock Full CourseEye Structure and Function
Explore the structure of the human eye and how it adapts to focus on objects at different distances.
Unlock Full CourseFocusing and Light Response
Explore how the human eye focuses on objects and responds to changing light conditions.
Unlock Full CourseTemperature Regulation
Learn how humans maintain body temperature through skin responses and hypothalamic control.
Unlock Full CourseSweating and Vasodilation
Learn how sweating and vasodilation work together to regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
Unlock Full CourseHormone Sources and Effects
Explore hormone sources, functions and how they regulate vital body processes and responses.
Unlock Full CourseAdrenaline and Insulin
Explore how adrenaline and insulin regulate body functions through hormonal coordination systems.
Unlock Full CourseSex Hormones
Explore how sex hormones control reproduction, menstruation, pregnancy and fertility in humans.
Unlock Full CourseADH, FSH and LH
Explore how ADH regulates water balance and how FSH and LH control reproduction in humans.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Reproduction (6 lessons)
Explore human reproduction in Biology.
Reproductive System Structure
Explore male and female reproductive anatomy and their functional relationships in human reproduction.
Unlock Full CourseMenstrual Cycle Hormones
Explore how hormones control the menstrual cycle and prepare the body for pregnancy.
Unlock Full CourseFSH and LH Roles
Explore how FSH and LH hormones coordinate and regulate human reproductive cycles.
Unlock Full CoursePlacenta Function
Explore how the placenta functions as a vital exchange surface between mother and fetus.
Unlock Full CourseAmniotic Fluid Protection
Explore how amniotic fluid creates a protective environment essential for healthy fetal development.
Unlock Full CourseSecondary Sexual Characteristics
Explore male and female puberty changes and the hormones that drive secondary sexual characteristics.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 5: Genetics and Inheritance
DNA and Protein Synthesis (8 lessons)
Explore dna and protein synthesis in Biology.
Genome and Gene Structure
Explore DNA structure, genes, chromosomes and how genetic information creates proteins.
Unlock Full CourseChromosomes and Genes
Explore the structure of chromosomes, the nature of genes and their role in inheritance.
Unlock Full CourseDNA Double Helix Structure
Explore DNA's double helix structure, its components and how it stores genetic information.
Unlock Full CourseRNA Structure
Explore RNA structure, its components and how it differs from DNA in protein synthesis.
Unlock Full CourseTranscription Process
Explore how DNA information is copied to RNA through the transcription process
Unlock Full CourseTranslation Process
Learn how mRNA is decoded at ribosomes to build proteins from amino acids.
Unlock Full CoursemRNA, tRNA and Ribosomes
Explore how mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes work together to translate genetic code into proteins.
Unlock Full CourseCodons and Anticodons
Explore how codons and anticodons translate genetic information into proteins through the genetic code.
Unlock Full CourseInheritance Patterns (11 lessons)
Explore inheritance patterns in Biology.
Alleles and Characteristics
Discover how different versions of genes determine inherited traits and characteristics in organisms.
Unlock Full CourseDominant and Recessive Alleles
Learn how dominant and recessive alleles determine inheritance patterns and genetic traits in organisms.
Unlock Full CourseHomozygous and Heterozygous
Explore homozygous and heterozygous genotypes and how they determine inheritance patterns in organisms.
Unlock Full CoursePhenotype and Genotype
Explore the relationship between genes and observable traits through inheritance patterns and genetic diagrams.
Unlock Full CourseCodominance
Explore how codominant alleles are fully expressed together in heterozygous individuals.
Unlock Full CoursePolygenic Inheritance
Explore how multiple genes create continuous variation in traits like height and skin colour.
Unlock Full CourseMonohybrid Crosses
Learn to predict offspring traits using Punnett squares and monohybrid inheritance patterns.
Unlock Full CourseFamily Pedigrees
Learn to read family pedigree charts and identify inheritance patterns of genetic traits.
Unlock Full CourseProbability Calculations
Learn to calculate genetic inheritance probabilities using Punnett squares and probability rules.
Unlock Full CourseSex Determination
Learn how sex chromosomes determine gender and influence inheritance patterns in organisms.
Unlock Full CourseSex-linked Inheritance
Discover how genes on sex chromosomes create unique inheritance patterns in males and females.
Unlock Full CourseCell Division (6 lessons)
Explore cell division in Biology.
Mitosis Process
Explore the stages of mitosis and its role in growth, repair and reproduction.
Unlock Full CourseMitosis in Growth and Repair
Explore how mitosis enables growth and repair in organisms through precise cell division.
Unlock Full CourseMeiosis Process
Learn how meiosis creates genetic diversity through chromosome reduction and genetic recombination.
Unlock Full CourseGamete Formation
Learn how meiosis creates haploid gametes with genetic variation essential for reproduction.
Unlock Full CourseGenetic Variation from Fertilisation
Discover how fertilisation creates genetic diversity and why variation is essential for species survival.
Unlock Full CourseChromosome Numbers
Learn how chromosome numbers change during cell division and their role in inheritance.
Unlock Full CourseVariation and Evolution (7 lessons)
Explore variation and evolution in Biology.
Genetic vs Environmental Variation
Explore the differences between genetic and environmental factors in creating biological variation.
Unlock Full CourseMutation Types
Explore the types of genetic mutations and their effects on organisms and evolution.
Unlock Full CourseDNA Changes and Phenotype
Explore how DNA mutations affect protein structure and function, leading to phenotypic changes.
Unlock Full CourseMutation Effects on Phenotype
Explore how genetic mutations alter DNA and their effects on organism characteristics and evolution.
Unlock Full CourseRadiation and Chemical Mutagens
Explore how radiation and chemicals damage DNA, cause mutations and influence evolution and disease.
Unlock Full CourseNatural Selection Theory
Explore Darwin's theory of natural selection and how it drives species evolution over time.
Unlock Full CourseAntibiotic Resistance
Explore how bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics through natural selection and genetic adaptation.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 6: Ecology and Environment
Organisms and Environment (8 lessons)
Explore organisms and environment in Biology.
Population, Community, Habitat
Explore populations, communities and habitats and how organisms interact within ecosystems.
Unlock Full CourseEcosystem Concepts
Explore ecosystem structure, energy flow and nutrient cycles in natural communities.
Unlock Full CourseQuadrat Sampling Methods
Learn how to use quadrats to sample and estimate plant populations in different habitats.
Unlock Full CoursePopulation Size Investigation
Learn techniques to estimate population sizes using quadrats, transects and mark-release-recapture methods.
Unlock Full CourseBiodiversity Concepts
Explore biodiversity levels, measurement methods, threats and conservation strategies for our planet's life web.
Unlock Full CourseDistribution Investigation
Learn how to investigate and analyse the distribution patterns of organisms in their habitats.
Unlock Full CourseBiodiversity Measurement
Learn how to measure and interpret biodiversity using scientific sampling techniques and indices.
Unlock Full CourseAbiotic and Biotic Factors
Explore how living and non-living factors interact and shape ecosystems and organisms.
Unlock Full CourseFeeding Relationships (8 lessons)
Explore feeding relationships in Biology.
Trophic Levels
Explore how energy flows through ecosystems using trophic levels and ecological pyramids.
Unlock Full CourseProducers and Consumers
Explore how energy flows through ecosystems via producers and different types of consumers.
Unlock Full CourseDecomposers Role
Explore how decomposers recycle nutrients and maintain ecosystem balance through decay processes.
Unlock Full CourseFood Chains and Webs
Explore how energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and complex food web relationships.
Unlock Full CoursePyramids of Number
Learn how pyramids of number represent organisms at different trophic levels in ecosystems.
Unlock Full CoursePyramids of Biomass
Explore how pyramids of biomass represent energy flow and efficiency in ecosystems.
Unlock Full CourseEnergy Transfer
Explore how energy flows through ecosystems and transfers between trophic levels in food chains.
Unlock Full Course10% Energy Transfer Rule
Understand how energy transfers between trophic levels and why only 10% moves up food chains.
Unlock Full CourseNutrient Cycles (7 lessons)
Explore nutrient cycles in Biology.
Carbon Cycle Stages
Explore the movement of carbon through Earth's systems in the carbon cycle stages.
Unlock Full CourseRespiration and Photosynthesis
Explore how respiration and photosynthesis drive nutrient cycles and sustain life on Earth.
Unlock Full CourseDecomposition and Combustion
Explore how decomposition and combustion drive nutrient cycling in ecosystems and their environmental impacts.
Unlock Full CourseNitrogen Cycle Stages
Explore the nitrogen cycle's key stages and their role in ecosystem nutrient recycling.
Unlock Full CourseNitrogen-fixing Bacteria
Discover how nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms plants can use.
Unlock Full CourseNitrifying Bacteria
Discover how nitrifying bacteria transform ammonia into nitrates essential for plant growth
Unlock Full CourseDenitrifying Bacteria
Learn how denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas in the nitrogen cycle.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Environmental Impact (11 lessons)
Explore human environmental impact in Biology.
Air Pollution Effects
Explore how air pollutants damage human health, ecosystems and contribute to global climate change.
Unlock Full CourseSulphur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
Learn about sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide pollution, their environmental impacts and health effects.
Unlock Full CourseGreenhouse Gases
Explore greenhouse gases, their sources, impacts on climate and mitigation strategies.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Activities and Emissions
Explore how human activities contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
Unlock Full CourseEnhanced Greenhouse Effect
Explore how human activities enhance the greenhouse effect and impact global climate systems.
Unlock Full CourseGlobal Warming Consequences
Explore the major consequences of global warming on ecosystems, sea levels and human societies.
Unlock Full CourseWater Pollution by Sewage
Explore how sewage pollution affects water ecosystems and the methods used to treat it.
Unlock Full CourseEutrophication Process
Explore the causes, stages and impacts of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems.
Unlock Full CourseDeforestation Effects
Explore the environmental, social and economic impacts of global deforestation and sustainable solutions.
Unlock Full CourseSoil Erosion and Leaching
Learn about soil erosion and leaching processes, impacts and sustainable management practices.
Unlock Full CourseEvapotranspiration Changes
Explore how human activities alter evapotranspiration rates and impact water cycles and climate.
Unlock Full CourseTheme 7: Use of Biological Resources
Food Production (19 lessons)
Explore food production in Biology.
Glasshouse Crop Production
Learn how glasshouses create controlled environments for year-round crop production with higher yields.
Unlock Full CoursePolythene Tunnel Benefits
Learn how polythene tunnels create optimal growing conditions and increase crop yields in agriculture.
Unlock Full CourseCarbon Dioxide Enhancement
Learn how CO₂ enhancement boosts crop yields and improves greenhouse food production
Unlock Full CourseTemperature Control Effects
Explore how temperature affects microorganisms, enzymes and food production efficiency.
Unlock Full CourseFertiliser Use
Learn how fertilisers boost crop yields and their environmental impacts in food production.
Unlock Full CoursePest Control Methods
Learn effective pest control methods for sustainable food production in agriculture.
Unlock Full CoursePesticide Advantages
Explore the key advantages of pesticides in boosting crop yields and food security.
Unlock Full CourseBiological Control Methods
Learn how living organisms can control agricultural pests naturally and sustainably.
Unlock Full CourseYeast in Bread Production
Explore how yeast fermentation transforms dough into bread through biological processes.
Unlock Full CourseAnaerobic Respiration Practical
Explore how yeast fermentation works and measure CO₂ production in practical experiments.
Unlock Full CourseBacterial Yoghurt Production
Learn how bacteria transform milk into yoghurt through controlled fermentation processes and techniques.
Unlock Full CourseIndustrial Fermenter Design
Learn how industrial fermenters are designed to optimise microbial growth and product yield.
Unlock Full CourseAseptic Conditions
Learn how aseptic conditions prevent contamination in food production and biotechnology
Unlock Full CourseOptimum Growth Conditions
Learn how to create optimal growing conditions for maximising crop yields and food production.
Unlock Full CourseFish Farming Methods
Explore various fish farming methods and their environmental impacts on global food security.
Unlock Full CourseWater Quality Control
Learn how water quality affects food production and methods to monitor and maintain clean water.
Unlock Full CoursePredation Control
Learn how biological and chemical methods control agricultural pests to protect food production.
Unlock Full CourseDisease Prevention
Learn how to prevent plant and animal diseases to ensure sustainable food production.
Unlock Full CourseFeeding Management
Learn how proper feeding management maximizes livestock growth, health and production efficiency.
Unlock Full CourseSelective Breeding (3 lessons)
Explore selective breeding in Biology.
Plant Selective Breeding
Learn how humans shape plant characteristics through selective breeding techniques and applications.
Unlock Full CourseAnimal Selective Breeding
Learn how selective breeding enhances desirable traits in animals for human benefit and use.
Unlock Full CourseDesired Characteristics
Learn how selective breeding develops desired traits in plants and animals for human benefit.
Unlock Full CourseGenetic Modification (7 lessons)
Explore genetic modification in Biology.
Restriction Enzymes
Learn how restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites for genetic engineering applications.
Unlock Full CourseLigase Enzymes
Learn how DNA ligase enzymes join DNA fragments to create recombinant DNA in genetic engineering.
Unlock Full CoursePlasmids and Viruses as Vectors
Learn how plasmids and viruses transfer genes in genetic modification techniques
Unlock Full CourseRecombinant DNA Transfer
Learn how genes are transferred between organisms using recombinant DNA technology and its applications.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Insulin Production
Learn how bacteria are genetically modified to produce human insulin for diabetes treatment.
Unlock Full CourseGenetically Modified Plants
Explore how plants are genetically modified and the benefits and concerns of GM crops.
Unlock Full CourseTransgenic Organisms
Explore how genes are transferred between species to create organisms with new beneficial traits.
Unlock Full CourseCloning (9 lessons)
Explore cloning in Biology.
Micropropagation Process
Learn how plants are cloned in labs through the step-by-step micropropagation process.
Unlock Full CourseTissue Culture Techniques
Learn how plant tissue culture enables mass production of identical plants through laboratory cloning techniques.
Unlock Full CourseCommercial Plant Production
Learn how plants are cloned commercially using tissue culture, cuttings and grafting techniques.
Unlock Full CourseIdentical Plant Advantages
Learn how identical plant cloning provides agricultural and ecological advantages through various techniques.
Unlock Full CourseMammalian Cloning Process
Learn the process, techniques and ethical considerations of mammalian cloning through SCNT.
Unlock Full CourseNuclear Transfer Techniques
Explore nuclear transfer techniques in cloning, from SCNT to Dolly the sheep's legacy.
Unlock Full CourseDolly the Sheep Case Study
Explore the groundbreaking cloning of Dolly the Sheep and its scientific implications.
Unlock Full CourseTransgenic Animal Production
Learn how scientists create and use animals with foreign DNA for medicine and agriculture.
Unlock Full CourseHuman Protein Production
Learn how genetic engineering enables bacteria to produce human proteins like insulin for medical use.
Unlock Full CourseReview and Assessment Preparation (2 lessons)
Explore review and assessment preparation in Biology.
Practical Skills Review
Master essential laboratory skills for conducting and analyzing biological investigations accurately.
Unlock Full CourseExamination Techniques
Master essential exam techniques to maximise your marks in Biology IGCSE assessments.
Unlock Full Course