Cambridge IGCSE Geography

Course Content

Areas of Study in iGCSE Geography 2027-2029

Geographical Skills 72 lessons

Cartographic Skills 15 lessons

1 Map Construction and Interpretation

2 Direction, Scale, Symbols and Keys

3 Co-ordinates and Grid References

4 Compass Directions and Bearings

5 Distance and Area Measurement

6 Gradient, Contour Lines and Heights

7 Cross-sections and Transects

8 Atlas and Base Maps

9 Choropleth and Distribution Maps

10 Flow Line and Desire Line Maps

11 Isoline Maps

12 Different Scale Maps

13 Route and Sphere of Influence Maps

14 Sketch and Thematic Maps

15 Topographical Maps

Fieldwork Skills 17 lessons

1 Route to Geographical Enquiry

2 Fieldwork Equipment Selection and Use

3 Fieldwork Technique Selection

4 Data Collection Sheet Design

5 Risk Assessment and Safety

6 Fieldwork Equipment - Ranging Poles and Flow Meters

7 Fieldwork Equipment - Stopwatch and Quadrats

8 Fieldwork Equipment - Noise Meters and Tape Measures

9 Fieldwork Equipment - Clinometer

10 Environmental Quality Surveys

11 Bi-polar Surveys and Questionnaires

12 Interview and Observation Techniques

13 Field Sketches and Photography

14 Traffic and Pedestrian Counts

15 Land Use Surveys and Transects

16 Sphere of Influence Studies

17 Roundness Index and Other Indices

GIS and Image Skills 9 lessons

1 Visual Image Interpretation

2 Photograph Analysis - Aerial and Ground Level

3 Cartoon, Picture and Diagram Analysis

4 Satellite Image Analysis

5 Written Text Analysis and Bias Recognition

6 Source Improvement Suggestions

7 Statistical Technique Limitations

8 GIS Applications

9 GIS Benefits and Limitations

Graphical Skills 15 lessons

1 Graph, Chart and Diagram Selection

2 Data Presentation Techniques

3 Information Interpretation and Analysis

4 Pattern and Trend Identification

5 Bar Graphs - Horizontal, Vertical, Divided

6 Climate Graphs

7 Cross-sections and Dispersion Graphs

8 Doughnut Graphs and Flow Diagrams

9 Histograms and Kite Graphs

10 Line Graphs and Pictograms

11 Pie Charts and Population Pyramids

12 Proportional Symbols and Radial Graphs

13 Rose Charts and Scatter Graphs

14 Systems Diagrams and Triangular Graphs

15 Venn Diagrams and Flood Hydrographs

Mathematical Skills 16 lessons

1 Number Operations and Calculations

2 Area and Scale Calculations

3 Standard Notation and Indices

4 Significant Figures

5 Proportion, Ratio and Frequency

6 Statistical Measures - Mean, Mode, Median

7 Range, Decimals and Fractions

8 Percentage and Ratio Applications

9 Data Collection Design

10 Accuracy, Sample Size and Reliability

11 Data Table Operations

12 Data Relationship Identification

13 Trend Analysis and Best Fit Lines

14 Prediction and Data Projection

15 Statistical Presentation Evaluation

16 Conclusion Drawing from Data

Physical Geography 113 lessons

Changing Coastal Environments 31 lessons

1 Coastal Erosion Processes

2 Coastal Transportation and Deposition

3 Longshore Drift

4 Wave Types - Constructive and Destructive

5 Wave Refraction

6 Headland and Bay Formation

7 Cliff and Wave-cut Platform Development

8 Cave, Arch, Stack and Stump Formation

9 Beach Formation and Characteristics

10 Spit and Bar Formation

11 Sand Dune Development

12 Discordant and Concordant Coastlines

13 Opportunities of Coastal Living

14 Hazards of Coastal Living

15 Hard Engineering Coastal Management

16 Soft Engineering Coastal Management

17 Sustainable Coastal Management

18 Tropical Storm Distribution and Impacts

19 Cyclone, Hurricane and Typhoon Impacts

20 Tropical Storm Management Strategies

21 Tropical Storm Preparation and Planning

22 Tropical Storm Protection and Prediction

23 Coral Reef Global Distribution

24 Coral Reef Importance

25 Threats to Coral Reefs

26 Coral Reef Protection Strategies

27 Mangrove Distribution and Importance

28 Mangrove Protection Strategies

29 Sustainable Marine Environment Management

30 Case Study - Coastal Erosion Example

31 Case Study - Coral Reef Example

Changing Ecosystems 20 lessons

1 Antarctic Ecosystem Location

2 Antarctic Climate Characteristics

3 Antarctic Ecosystem Features

4 Antarctic Abiotic and Biotic Factors

5 Antarctic Flora and Fauna Adaptations

6 Threats to Antarctica

7 Antarctic Ecosystem Destruction Impacts

8 Antarctic Management Strategies

9 International Antarctic Agreements

10 Sustainable Antarctic Management

11 Tropical Rainforest Global Distribution

12 Equatorial Climate Characteristics

13 Tropical Rainforest Structure

14 Rainforest Abiotic and Biotic Factors

15 Rainforest Flora and Fauna Adaptations

16 Threats to Tropical Rainforests

17 Rainforest Destruction and Deforestation Impacts

18 Rainforest Management Strategies

19 Sustainable Rainforest Techniques

20 Case Study - Rainforest Example

Changing River Environments 37 lessons

1 River Characteristics and Drainage Basins

2 The Long Profile and River Features

3 Width, Depth, Speed of Flow and Discharge

4 Wetted Perimeter, Channel, Watershed

5 Tributary, Confluence, Source and Mouth

6 The Bradshaw Model

7 Drainage Basin and Water Cycle Operations

8 Precipitation and Interception

9 Infiltration and Percolation

10 Overland Flow and Channel Flow

11 Throughflow and Groundwater Flow

12 Transpiration, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration

13 River Erosion - Hydraulic Action

14 River Erosion - Abrasion, Attrition, Solution

15 River Transportation - Traction and Suspension

16 River Transportation - Saltation and Solution

17 River Deposition Processes

18 Waterfall Formation and Characteristics

19 Rapids and Gorge Formation

20 V-shaped Valley Development

21 Meander Formation and Features

22 Oxbow Lake Development

23 Levee and Floodplain Formation

24 Delta Formation and Types

25 Interlocking Spurs and Potholes

26 Opportunities of Living Near Rivers

27 Hazards of Living Near Rivers

28 Human and Natural Causes of River Flooding

29 Impacts of River Flooding

30 River Flooding Management Strategies

31 Sustainable River Flooding Techniques

32 Human Causes of River Pollution

33 Impacts of River Pollution

34 River Pollution Management Strategies

35 Sustainable River Pollution Techniques

36 Case Study - River Flooding Example

37 Case Study - River Pollution Example

Climate Change 8 lessons

1 Evidence of Climate Change

2 Natural Climate Change Factors

3 Human Influence on Climate

4 Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

5 Climate Change Impacts

6 Climate Change Response Strategies

7 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

8 Case Study - Climate Change Example

Tectonic Hazards 17 lessons

1 Earths Structure and Layers

2 Main Tectonic Plates and Movement

3 Plate Boundary Types

4 Earthquake and Volcano Distribution

5 Plate Boundary Processes

6 Earthquake Characteristics

7 Volcano Types and Classification

8 Volcanic Features

9 Volcanic Hazards

10 Reasons for Living in Risk Areas

11 Earthquake Impacts

12 Volcanic Eruption Impacts

13 Magnitude Measurement Scales

14 Primary and Secondary Responses

15 Tectonic Hazard Management Strategies

16 Case Study - Earthquake Example

17 Case Study - Volcanic Eruption Example

Human Geography 58 lessons

Changing Economies 13 lessons

1 Industry Classification

2 Employment Structure Changes

3 Industry Location Factors

4 Globalisation Definition and Features

5 Globalisation Impacts

6 Transnational Corporations

7 TNC Impacts Evaluation

8 Case Study - Globalisation and TNC Example

9 Tourism Industry Growth

10 Butler Model

11 Tourism Benefits and Problems

12 Sustainable Tourism Management

13 Case Study - Tourism Example

Changing Populations 12 lessons

1 Global Population Growth Patterns

2 Population Growth and Decline Factors

3 Pro-natalist and Anti-natalist Policies

4 Demographic Transition Model

5 Population Structure Changes

6 Youthful and Ageing Population Structures

7 Case Study - Population Policy Example

8 Migration Types

9 Migration Push and Pull Factors

10 Migration Impacts

11 Migration Management Strategies

12 Case Study - International Migration Example

Changing Towns and Cities 7 lessons

1 Global Urban Growth Variations

2 Rapid Urban Growth in LICs

3 Urban Growth Opportunities

4 Urban Growth Challenges

5 Urban Sprawl Impacts

6 Urban Growth Management

7 Case Study - Urban Area Example

Development 9 lessons

1 Development Indicators

2 Indicator Comparison and Evaluation

3 Quality of Life and Standard of Living

4 Development Differences and Gap

5 Global Development Patterns

6 Sustainable Development

7 Development Strategies

8 Uneven Development Reduction

9 Case Study - Development Example

Resource Provision 17 lessons

1 Farming Types and Systems

2 Global Food Supply and Demand Patterns

3 Food Supply Globalisation

4 Food Supply Challenges

5 Food Insecurity Problems

6 Food Supply Management Strategies

7 Food Aid Evaluation

8 Desertification and Soil Erosion Management

9 Case Study - Food Supply Example

10 Energy Types - Renewable and Non-renewable

11 Global Energy Production and Consumption

12 Energy Patterns and Security

13 Energy Use Variations

14 Energy Source Advantages and Disadvantages

15 Energy Supply Management

16 Sustainable Energy Management

17 Case Study - Energy Supply Example

Assessment Preparation and Review 17 lessons

Coursework/Paper 4 Preparation 3 lessons

1 Geographical Investigation Skills

2 Data Analysis and Evaluation

3 Final Review and Exam Preparation

Paper 1 Preparation 7 lessons

1 Physical Geography Review

2 River Environment Questions

3 Coastal Environment Questions

4 Ecosystem Questions

5 Tectonic Hazard Questions

6 Climate Change Questions

7 Paper 1 Practice Questions

Paper 2 Preparation 7 lessons

1 Human Geography Review

2 Population Questions

3 Urban Geography Questions

4 Development Questions

5 Economic Geography Questions

6 Resource Management Questions

7 Paper 2 Practice Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is BrainyLemons?

BrainyLemons is an online learning platform that provides comprehensive GCSE and iGCSE courses designed for home study. We offer expert-created content, virtual tutoring support, and flexible learning schedules to help students achieve their academic goals from anywhere in the world.

How do I know if home learning is right for me?

Home learning with BrainyLemons is perfect if you're:

Self-motivated and disciplined
Prefer flexible scheduling
Need to work around other commitments
Want personalised pacing

Our 30-minute lesson format makes it easy to fit studying into your daily routine, whether you're homeschooled, supplementing traditional education, or retaking subjects.

What age groups do you cater to?

Our courses are designed for students typically aged 14-18 taking GCSEs and iGCSEs. However, we welcome adult learners and mature students who want to gain qualifications or improve their knowledge in specific subjects.

Which exam boards do you cover?

We offer courses aligned with major exam boards including:

AQA
Cambridge
Pearson Edexcel

Each course clearly states which exam board it follows, so you can choose the right one for your needs.

How many subjects can I study at once?

You can enroll in as many subjects as you feel comfortable managing. Most students take 5-9 subjects, but this depends on your goals, available study time, and other commitments. We recommend starting with 3-4 subjects if you're new to home learning.

How long does each course take to complete?

Course duration varies by subject, typically ranging from 100-200 hours of study time. With our flexible approach, you can:

Intensive study: Complete in 6 months (4-5 hours per week)
Standard pace: Complete in 12 months (2-3 hours per week)
Extended study: Spread over 18-24 months for lighter commitment

Are your courses up to date with the latest syllabus?

Yes! All our courses are regularly updated to reflect the most current exam board specifications. We clearly indicate which exam year each course is designed for (e.g., 2026 specifications).

What does a typical lesson look like?

Each lesson is designed to take approximately 30 minutes and includes:

Clear learning objectives
Engaging video content or interactive materials
Written explanations and examples
Practice questions
Knowledge check quizzes
Progress tracking

Can I learn at my own pace?

Absolutely! One of our key advantages is flexible, self-paced learning. You can study when it suits you, repeat lessons as needed, and accelerate through topics you find easier. Our bespoke study timetable feature helps you plan your learning journey.

What if I get stuck on a topic?

We provide multiple support options:

24/7 AI advisors for instant help
Virtual tutors specializing in each subject
Detailed explanations and worked examples
Interactive quizzes to test understanding
Progress reports highlighting areas needing attention

Do you provide practice papers and exam preparation?

Yes! Each course includes extensive revision materials, practice questions, and exam-style assessments. Our progress tracking system identifies your strengths and areas for improvement, helping you focus your revision effectively.

What equipment do I need?

You only need:

A computer, tablet, or smartphone with internet access
A modern web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge)
Basic writing materials for note-taking
Optional: Printer for worksheets and practice papers

Can I access courses offline?

While our platform is primarily online to ensure you have the latest content and features, you can download certain materials like worksheets and revision guides for offline study.

Do you arrange exams for students?

No, you are responsible for booking and paying for your own exams. Exam fees are not included in course subscriptions. However, we provide guidance on finding local exam centres and understanding the booking process.

How do I find an exam centre?

We recommend:

Contacting local schools, colleges, or sixth forms
Searching online exam centre directories
Contacting the exam board directly
Considering private exam centres

We provide a helpful guide on our website with step-by-step instructions for finding and booking exam centres.

When should I book my exams?

Most exam boards require registration 4-6 months before the exam date. We recommend researching exam centres and booking as early as possible, especially for less common subjects or if you live in a remote area.

What grades do students typically achieve?

Our students have a 97% success rate, with many achieving grades 7-9 (A*-A equivalent). Success depends on consistent study, engagement with materials, and effective exam preparation.

How much do courses cost?

Individual courses start from £49.99-£50 per subject. We also offer bundle discounts for multiple subjects and payment plan options to make learning more affordable.

Do you offer discounts?

Yes! We provide:

Multi-subject bundle discounts
Early bird pricing for advance bookings
Price match promise against competitors
Special offers for newsletter subscribers
Family discounts for siblings

What's included in the course fee?

Your course fee includes:

24 months access to all course materials
260+ lessons per subject (varies by course)
Virtual tutor support
AI advisor access (24/7)
Progress tracking and reporting
Interactive quizzes and assessments
Revision materials and practice papers

What's NOT included?

Course fees do not include:

Exam registration fees
Exam centre costs
Physical textbooks (though digital resources are provided)
Individual face-to-face tutoring

What support do parents receive?

Parents get:

Detailed progress reports showing strengths and areas needing support
Study guide resources to monitor upcoming lessons
Complete visibility of their child's learning journey
Safety assurance with our fully moderated, child-friendly platform
Flexible scheduling options to fit family routines

How do you ensure student safety online?

We maintain a fully moderated, child-friendly platform with:

Secure login systems
Monitored virtual tutor interactions
Age-appropriate content
Privacy protection measures
Clear reporting mechanisms for any concerns

What if I'm not satisfied with my course?

We're confident in our course quality, but if you're not satisfied within the first 14 days, we offer a full refund. After this period, we'll work with you to address any specific concerns and ensure you get the most from your learning experience.

How does online learning compare to classroom teaching?

Online learning with BrainyLemons offers:

Flexibility: Study when and where it suits you
Personalisation: Learn at your own pace
Accessibility: 24/7 access to materials and support
Focused attention: No classroom distractions
Comprehensive resources: Everything you need in one place

However, it requires more self-discipline and motivation than traditional classroom learning.

Will universities and employers accept my qualifications?

Yes! GCSEs and iGCSEs obtained through independent study are identical to those achieved in traditional schools. What matters is your exam results, not how you prepared for them. Our courses prepare you for the same official exams as school students.

How do I stay motivated when studying alone?

We help maintain motivation through:

Clear progress tracking and celebration of achievements
Interactive quizzes and games that make learning fun
Regular check-ins with virtual tutors
Flexible scheduling that prevents burnout
Community features to connect with other learners

How can I contact support?

Email: support@brainylemons.com
Live Chat: Available on our website during business hours
Help Centre: Comprehensive guides and tutorials
Community Forum: Connect with other students and get peer support

What makes BrainyLemons different from other online learning platforms?

Expert-created content aligned with official exam specifications
30-minute lesson format perfect for busy schedules
24/7 AI support plus specialised virtual tutors
97% success rate with proven results
Comprehensive progress tracking for students and parents
Affordable pricing with flexible payment options
12 months access giving you plenty of time to complete courses

Got questions? Contact us!

Course fee: £49

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Broken into simple 30 minute lessons

Bespoke Study Timetable

Test your knowledge

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Course Content

Areas of Study in iGCSE Geography 2027-2029

For Parents: Supporting Your Child's GCSE Journey

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Frequently Asked Questions

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